MRI, which stands for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, is a means for physicians to view internal structures without opening up the body in surgery. This useful technique requires expensive equipment that uses powerful magnets and computers to generate images of the bones, organs, tissues and even the blood vessels. The MRI scan uses different technology than x-rays and computed tomography scans. Instead of ionizing radiation, the scan utilizes a powerful magnetic machine, radio-waves and computers to generate clearer pictures of the body.

Most people are eligible to receive MRI scans. The procedure has no proven risks for the average American, although pregnant women would be better suited to visit a sonographer for an ultrasound, due to the sensitivity of developing fetuses and the lack of research. Patients who have kidney or liver problems may not be able to have the MRI scan because the injected contrast agents will upset their systems. Additionally, individuals who have metal or electronic devices implanted may have interferences from these items that prevent a clear reading; these devices include pacemakers, metal clips, cochlear implants, bullet shrapnel fragments, implantable heart defibrillators and artificial heart valves.

The MRI machine itself looks like a doughnut. The patient lies very still on a table and slides into the opening of the machine. A technologist monitors from another room and communicates with the patient by microphone, if necessary. The machine will then begin whirring and clicking as the magnetic field is generated and radio waves are directed toward the patient’s body. Many patients listen to music on earphones to induce greater relaxation and avoid moving around too much or feeling claustrophobic. Usually an MRI lasts about an hour or so. Sometimes patients need to be administered contrast dye to enhance the appearance of blood vessels or tissues and patients are occasionally sedated. After the test, a radiologist will interpret the test results and issue a report to the patient’s primary medical physicians.

The MRI has been making headlines throughout 2009. On a controversial note, the Food and Drug Administration issued a warning in May that wearing medicated patches during scans could cause skin irritation. In August, American and Australian researchers warned that an MRI scan may not improve breast cancer outcome because more aggressive surgical care doesn’t necessarily equate with an improved quality of life. Yet, there has also been good medical imaging news as well. In July, Reuters Health reported that MRIs may improve the diagnosis of severe endometriosis, allowing women the option to undergo minimally invasive laparoscopic surgery rather than riskier pelvic surgery. Additionally, an August article reported that a functional MRI might detect early Alzheimer’s.

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